Afghanistan Lower Secondary (Grade 9) Curriculum - Pashto

This curriculum covers various subjects, including Pashto language instruction. Students in Grade 9 engage with Pashto texts, poetry, and essays to develop their grammatical, literary analysis, and writing skills. The curriculum aims to improve students' fluency and proficiency in Pashto. A teacher's guide book for Pashto Grade Nine is also available. In addition to Pashto, the Grade 9 curriculum includes:

• Quran and Tajweed: Focuses on proper Quran recitation with Tajweed and memorization of long passages. Students also learn the moral and social justice implications of Quranic verses.
• Dari Language: Develops literacy through reading and grammar exercises. Students also engage with advanced literary texts, such as poems, and practice creative and critical writing.
• Arabic Language: Covers vocabulary expansion, grammar acquisition, and text comprehension. Students also gain an understanding of Quranic Arabic and practice writing and speaking in Arabic.
• Profession: Equips students with technical and working skills for employment or entrepreneurship. The course covers technological and vocational competencies in various fields and promotes accountability and work experience.
• Math: Covers algebra, geometry, and elementary trigonometry. Students work with complex equations, geometric proofs, and graphical representations of cosine and sine functions.
• Civic Studies: Teaches students about their responsibilities in society, citizenship, government structure, law, and human rights. Principles of democracy, national and international obligations, and opportunities for civic engagement are also discussed.
• Islamic Studies: Enriches students' knowledge of the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic law. The curriculum covers the life of Prophet Muhammad, legal and ethical instructions, and their application to everyday dilemmas.
• Chemistry: Introduces the structure of atoms, chemical and physical changes, acids and bases, and chemical reactions. Laboratory experiments are conducted to reinforce these concepts.
• Biology: Covers genetics, cellular biology, human anatomy, and plant biology. The curriculum emphasizes the study of life processes and the interaction of living organisms through observation and testing.
• Physics: Introduces mechanics, energy, motion, and forces. Experiments are a key component, helping students understand physical laws and their application to everyday situations.
• Patriotism: Fosters love for the country, its values, and history. Students learn about national heroes, heritage, civic responsibilities, and the importance of national pride.
• History: Covers Afghan and world history, focusing on events, figures, and civilizations. Students learn to view history as a continuous process shaping current events.
• Geography: Includes physical geography, human geography, and environmental studies. Students learn about Afghanistan's geographical features, climate, world map, natural resources, and population distribution.
• Art: Develops creativity and physical art skills, with a focus on drawing, painting, and sculpture. Students explore cultural and personal themes through artistic expression.
• English Language: Focuses on reading, writing, speaking, and comprehension skills. The curriculum includes grammar, vocabulary enrichment, literature, and essay writing to improve fluency and proficiency in English.