Afghanistan Lower Secondary (Grade 9) Curriculum - Social Sciences

The Grade 9 curriculum in Afghanistan covers a wide range of subjects, including religious studies, languages, sciences, social sciences, and arts. The Libtoon website ( provides a summary of the subjects taught:

Languages and Religious Studies:

• Quran and Tajweed: Focuses on proper recitation of the Quran with Tajweed, memorization, and understanding moral and social justice implications.
• Dari Language: Emphasizes reading, grammar, and analysis of literary texts like poems, along with creative and critical writing.
• Pashto Language: Develops grammatical, literary analysis, and writing skills through reading Pashto texts, poetry, and essays.
• Arabic Language: Covers vocabulary, grammar, text comprehension, and Quranic Arabic understanding, including writing and speaking practice.
• Islamic Studies: Enriches knowledge of the Quran, Hadith, Islamic law, the Prophet Muhammad, and ethical guidance for daily life.

Sciences:

• Chemistry: Introduces atomic structure, chemical and physical changes, acids and bases, and chemical reactions, with laboratory experiments.
• Biology: Covers genetics, cellular biology, human anatomy, and plant biology, focusing on life processes and the interaction of living organisms.
• Physics: Explores mechanics, energy, motion, and forces, with experiments to understand physical laws in everyday scenarios.

Social Sciences and Humanities:

• History: Covers Afghan history and world history, exploring events, characters, and civilizations, emphasizing history's continuous nature.
• Geography: Includes physical geography, human geography, and environmental studies, focusing on Afghanistan's geographical characteristics, world maps, natural resources, and population distribution.
• Civic Studies: Teaches citizenship, government structure, law, human rights, democratic principles, national and international obligations, and community engagement opportunities.
• Patriotism: Promotes love of country, Afghan values, history, national heroes, heritage, and civic responsibilities.

Other Subjects:

• Profession: Provides technical and work skills for employment or entrepreneurship, covering various fields and fostering accountability.
• Math: Covers algebra, geometry, and elementary trigonometry, including complex equations, geometric proofs, and trigonometric functions.
• Art: Focuses on creativity and practical art skills in drawing, painting, and sculpture, exploring cultural and personal themes.
• English Language: Develops reading, writing, speaking, and comprehension skills, including grammar, vocabulary, literature, and essay writing.