Argentine History (Upper Secondary School - Academic School)

This curriculum outlines the topics covered in Argentine History for upper secondary school (Years 4-5), based on the "Materiales Curriculares - Ciclo Orientado de la Educacion Secundaria" from La Pampa province, Argentina. It is organized into three courses: History I (Year 4), History II (Year 5), and History III (Year 5/6). While this document is specific to La Pampa, it aligns with national curriculum guidelines and provides a representative overview of the topics typically covered in these years.

History I (Year 4)

• Crisis of Liberalism and New Social and Political Conceptions: This unit explores the crisis of 1929 and its global impact, including the reorganization of industrial economies, the rise of Keynesianism and new roles for the state, the consolidation of totalitarian regimes, and the outbreak of World War II. Topics include the economic difficulties of the 1920s, protectionist policies, the principles of Keynesian economics, the crisis of democracies and the rise of fascism, the causes and consequences of World War II, the impact of the war on social customs and cultural movements.
• Between Collapse and Emergence: Neoliberal Globalization: This unit examines the economic, technological, social, political, and cultural changes in the Western world during the 1950s and 1960s within the context of the Cold War. Topics include post-war economic growth and the rise of consumer society, social changes related to urbanization, technological innovation, and women in the workforce, youth culture and its influence on cultural and ideological revolution, the liberation of colonies and their subsequent challenges, the rise of post-colonial states, and the various dimensions of the Cold War. The unit also analyzes the crisis of the 1970s and the instability of the 1980s and 1990s, focusing on the oil crisis, external debt, technological transformations, social fragmentation, and the implementation of neoliberal policies. It also includes a critical analysis of forms of intolerance, discrimination, and genocides of the 20th century.

History II (Year 5)

• The Crisis of Liberalism and Social and Political Transformations in the Context of Populisms: This unit analyzes the impact of the 1929 crisis and World War II on Latin America, focusing on the breakdown of democratic institutions, changes in the role of the state, import substitution industrialization, and social and urban transformation. It also examines Latin American populist regimes, considering the mobilization of subaltern sectors, the participation of industrialists, market-internalist strategies, and the formation of the social state. Specific examples from Mexico, Brazil, and/or Bolivia are suggested for study.
• Sociocultural Movements and Labor Organization as Forms of Resistance to Political-Economic Power in Latin America and Argentina: This unit explores the political, ideological, and cultural impact of the Cuban Revolution in Latin America and the interventionist policies of the United States in the region, within the context of decolonization and the Cold War. It examines the radicalization of popular movements, the emergence of the Revolutionary Left, the influence of political radicalization on religion and society, and US anti-communist policies. The unit also analyzes the political instability in Argentina between 1955 and 1976, considering the proscription of Peronism, conflicts among bourgeois factions, the increasing autonomy of the armed forces, and the resistance and organization of the labor and student movements. The role of women in citizen participation and the construction of the political space is also considered.
• Globalization and the Reorganization of Capitalism: This unit analyzes the neoliberal economic model implemented in Latin America in the last decades of the 20th century, within the framework of the 1973 crisis and the reconfiguration of the capitalist system. It explores the transformation of economic structures, the emergence of counter-revolutionary actions leading to state terrorism, the mechanisms used to legitimize military regimes, and the return to democracy in the Southern Cone countries. The unit also examines the decline of the neoliberal model in Latin America in the context of the global financial crisis, focusing on the emergence of new political and social actors, the redefinition of the state's role, and the progress in political integration in Argentina and the region.

History III (Year 5/6)

• The Struggle for Democracy: From Authoritarianism to Transitions: This unit analyzes the political instability in Argentina between 1955 and 1976, considering the proscription of Peronism, conflicts among bourgeois factions, the increasing autonomy of the armed forces, and the resistance and organization of the labor and student movements. The role of women in citizen participation and the construction of the political space is also considered. Local and regional case studies from La Pampa are suggested for deeper analysis.
• State Terrorism and the Control of Civil Society: This unit examines the 1976 civic-military coup and state terrorism as a systematic plan to destroy popular organizations and discipline society, creating the conditions for implementing the neoliberal economic model. Topics include repression as a strategy of political violence, the transformation of the Argentine economy and changes in the orientation of the National State, the transition from social silencing to the emergence of protests and mobilizations by different social organizations, and the military dictatorship in La Pampa.
• Memory, Democracy, and Social Conflicts: This unit explores the use of the Malvinas/Falklands War by the 1976-1983 dictatorship and subsequent democratic governments to create social consensus, and the consequences of the war on the fate of the dictatorial regime and democratization. It analyzes the crisis of the military regime, the "patriotic" mobilization around the Malvinas cause, the growing social and cultural protests, and the use of the "Malvinas Cause" in political discourse. The unit also examines the transformations of the economy, society, culture, and the role of the state in Argentina between 1983 and 2007, in relation to changes in political parties, the Washington Consensus, and globalization policies. Local and regional case studies from La Pampa are suggested for deeper analysis. The unit also encourages reflection on indigenous issues, union movements, and piquetero protests.