Samoa Year 13 Curriculum - History

This course explores key historical events and figures, focusing on migration, imperialism, conflict, international relations, economic transformations, and systems of power and authority. The curriculum uses case studies, such as Germany and India, to examine the complex interplay of social, economic, and political forces shaping historical narratives.

Part 1: Migration

This section examines the causes and effects of migration resulting from major conflicts, using Germany as a case study.

• Unit 1: Effects of World Wars I and II on Migration: This unit analyzes how World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945) impacted migration patterns in Germany. It explores the socio-economic and political conditions that led to population movements, including the rise of Nazism, persecution of Jews, forced labor, and post-war refugee flows.
• Unit 2: Migration During the Cold War: This unit examines migration during the Cold War (1945-1990s), focusing on the movement of ethnic Germans (Aussiedler), the guest worker program (Gastarbeiter), asylum seekers, and the impact of German reunification. It also discusses the changing political and economic landscape of Europe and its influence on migration trends.

Part 2: Imperialism, Colonialism, Nationalism, and Decolonisation

This section explores the interplay of imperialism, colonialism, nationalism, and decolonization within Europe and Asia.

• Unit 1: The Balkan Region (1900-1914): This unit examines the complex relationships between countries in the Balkan region, focusing on the roles of imperialism, colonialism, and nationalism in escalating tensions and leading to the outbreak of World War I. It explores the interests of Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Serbia, and the role of key events such as the Balkan Wars and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
• Unit 2: Attempts by Satellite States to Gain Independence: This unit discusses attempts by Soviet satellite states to gain independence during the Cold War. It examines the challenges faced by these states, including Soviet repression and the suppression of rebellions, and the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of independent nations. Case studies include Yugoslavia, Hungary, and East Germany.
• Unit 3: Annexation of Colonies in Asian Countries (19th Century): This unit identifies European motives for annexing colonies in selected Asian countries during the nineteenth century. It focuses on economic penetration, colonial administration, and expansion of empires, using examples such as British annexation of Burma and the Malay States, and French imperialism in Vietnam.
• Unit 4: Strategies Used Against Colonial Rule: This unit analyzes the strategies used by former colonies to oppose colonial rule and gain independence, using Vietnam as a case study. It examines the role of Ho Chi Minh, the formation of the Vietminh, and the use of guerrilla warfare against French colonial forces.

Part 3: Conflict

This section examines the causes and consequences of conflict, focusing on the role of foreign intervention and the impact of religious beliefs.

• Unit 1: European Colonialism Outside the Pacific Region (20th Century): This unit discusses European colonialism as a major cause of conflict in the twentieth century, using India as a case study. It explores the exploitative nature of British colonialism in India, the Sepoy Rebellion, the Amritsar Massacre, and the emergence of Indian nationalism.
• Unit 2: Emergence of Nationalism: This unit examines the emergence of nationalism as a response to foreign influence, focusing on India's struggle for independence from British rule. It explores the role of economic exploitation, political marginalization, and cultural insensitivity in fueling nationalist sentiment.
• Unit 3: Impact of Religious Beliefs: This unit analyzes the impact of religious beliefs and practices on conflict, focusing on India's struggle for independence and the subsequent partition of India and Pakistan. It explores the role of Gandhi's satyagraha movement and the formation of the Muslim League.
• Unit 4: Role of Foreign Powers in Solving Problems: This unit examines the role of foreign powers, particularly Britain, in addressing the conflict between India and Pakistan. It focuses on key events such as the Simla Conference and the eventual partition of India.
• Unit 5: Long-Term Effects of Colonialism: This unit analyzes the long-term effects of colonialism on former colonies, focusing on the ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

Part 4: International Relations

This section examines the ideologies and relationships that have shaped international relations, focusing on the two World Wars and the post-war period.

• Unit 1: Roles of Countries in World War I (1914-1918): This unit analyzes the roles of different countries in World War I and the importance of alliances in shaping diplomatic, political, economic, and social relations. It explores the background of the conflict, the formation of alliances, the arms race, and the key events leading to the outbreak of war.
• Unit 2: Roles of Countries in World War II (1939-1945): This unit examines the roles of different countries in World War II, focusing on the peace settlement after World War I, the rise of fascism, the failure of appeasement, and the key events leading to the outbreak of war.
• Unit 3: Countries in the Post-World War II Period: This unit explores the relationships between major powers in the post-World War II period, focusing on the Cold War and the partition of Germany.
• Unit 4: Impact of International Organizations: This unit examines the formation and impact of international organizations, such as the United Nations, in maintaining world peace and security.

Part 5: Economic Transformations

This section examines the role of economic change in the emergence of superpowers, focusing on the United States.

• Unit 1: The Role of the Economy: This unit compares and contrasts the roles of the economy in capitalist and communist states, using the United States and the Soviet Union as examples.
• Unit 2: Economic Aid and Assurance of Security: This unit explores the relationship between economic aid and security, focusing on the Cold War and the use of economic aid as a tool to contain communism. It examines the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.
• Unit 3: Economic Changes in Metropolitan Countries (Since the 1900s): This unit examines the important economic changes in metropolitan countries, such as the United States, since the 1900s, including the Great Depression, the rise of information technology, and globalization.
• Unit 4: The Emergence of Superpowers: This unit analyzes how economic change has contributed to the emergence of superpowers, focusing on the United States and its ideological commitment to promoting democracy and freedom around the world.

Part 6: Systems of Power and Authority

This section examines the contribution of leadership to political and socio-economic stability, focusing on Joseph Stalin and Mahatma Gandhi.

• Unit 1: How Did Stalin Come to Power?: This unit explores Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union, focusing on his strategies, including the cult of Leninism, the Lenin Enrolment, and the elimination of rivals such as Trotsky.
• Unit 2: How Stalin's Policies Impacted on the USSR: This unit examines the impact of Stalin's policies on the Soviet Union, including his Five-Year Plans, industrialization, collectivization, and the Great Purge.
• Unit 3: Gandhi and the Independence of India: This unit explores Gandhi's rise to prominence and his role in India's independence movement, focusing on his experiences in South Africa and his development of satyagraha.
• Unit 4: The Actions of Gandhi: This unit examines Gandhi's actions in promoting socio-economic and political stability within India, including his campaigns in Champaran, Kaira, Ahmedabad, and his role in the Rowlatt and Khilafat movements.
• Unit 5: Strategies and Qualities of Gandhi: This unit analyzes Gandhi's strategies and qualities as a leader, focusing on his use of satyagraha, his commitment to non-violence, and his impact on India's independence and the world beyond. It also discusses the limitations and criticisms of his approach.