São Tomé and Príncipe Geography - 2º ciclo Ensino Secundário

This course explores the geography of the Central African island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. It covers the physical and human geography of the islands, including their location, climate, biodiversity, and environmental challenges.

I. Physical Geography

• Location and Topography: São Tomé and Príncipe is located in the Gulf of Guinea, west of Gabon, straddling the Equator. The two main islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, are volcanic in origin and mountainous. São Tomé, the larger island, is approximately 50 km long and 30 km wide, with its highest peak, Pico de São Tomé, reaching 2,024 meters. Príncipe, the smaller island located about 140 km northeast of São Tomé, is about 30 km long and 6 km wide, with its highest peak reaching 948 meters. Several smaller islets, including Rôlas, Caroço, Pedras, and Tinhosas, are also part of the archipelago.
• Climate: The islands have a tropical climate with a long rainy season from September to May and a shorter dry season from June to August. The average annual temperature in coastal areas is around 27°C, occasionally reaching 32°C. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures, averaging around 20°C.

II. Biodiversity and Environment

• Flora and Fauna: São Tomé and Príncipe is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of endemism, particularly among mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, mollusks, and plants. The islands are home to lush cloud forests, savannah, and mangroves.
• Conservation Efforts: Several organizations are working to protect the unique biodiversity of São Tomé and Príncipe. Efforts focus on forest conservation, sustainable hunting practices, and safeguarding marine ecosystems.
• Environmental Challenges: The islands are vulnerable to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and changes in rainfall patterns. Other environmental concerns include deforestation, pollution, and unsustainable fishing practices.

III. Human Geography

• Population and Demographics: Information on the population and demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe will be covered in this section.
• Economy: Information on the economy of São Tomé and Príncipe will be covered in this section.
• Culture: Information on the culture of São Tomé and Príncipe will be covered in this section.

This course will utilize maps, data, and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the geography of São Tomé and Príncipe. Students will learn about the complex interactions between physical and human processes that shape the environment and society of these islands.