Sri Lanka Grade 10 Science and Technology Syllabus

This syllabus outlines the content for the Sri Lanka Grade 10 Science and Technology course. It covers a range of topics in biology, chemistry, and physics. The syllabus is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in scientific principles and concepts.

1. Life and Life Processes

• 1.1 Chemical Basis of Life: This section explores the chemical building blocks of life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, minerals, vitamins, and water. Students will learn about the composition and function of these biomolecules.
• 1.2 Basic Unit of Life: This section introduces the concept of the cell as the fundamental unit of life. Students will learn about cell structure, organelles, and the differences between plant and animal cells. Topics include cell growth and division (mitosis and meiosis).
• 1.3 Characteristics of Living Things: This section explores the key characteristics that define living organisms, including cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, sensitivity, excretion, movement, reproduction, growth, and development.
• 1.4 The World of Life: This section introduces the principles of biological classification. Students will learn about natural and artificial classification methods, domains, kingdoms, and binomial nomenclature.
• 1.5 Continuity of Life - Reproduction: This section covers sexual and asexual reproduction in plants and humans. Topics include seed formation, dispersal of fruits and seeds, the menstrual cycle, and sexually transmitted diseases.
• 1.6 Continuity of Life - Heredity: This section introduces the basic principles of heredity and genetic variation. Students will learn about common hereditary characteristics and genetic disorders.

2. Matter and Its Interactions

• 2.1 Structure of Matter: This section explores the planetary model of the atom, electronic configuration, the modern periodic table, isotopes, and patterns in the periodic table (periods, groups, first ionization energy, electronegativity).
• 2.2 Quantification of Elements and Compounds: This section introduces the mole concept and its use in quantifying elements and compounds. Topics include atomic mass unit, relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, Avogadro constant, and molar mass.
• 2.3 Chemical Bonding: This section covers ionic and covalent bonds and how they relate to the properties of compounds.
• 2.4 Chemical Reactions: This section explores different types of chemical reactions, including combination, dissociation, single displacement, and double displacement reactions. Students will learn how to write balanced chemical equations. Topics also include the activity series of metals and the extraction of iron and gold.
• 2.5 Rate of Reaction: This section examines the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including surface area, temperature, concentration/pressure, and catalysts.

3. Energy and Its Transformations

• 3.1 Rectilinear Motion: This section covers physical quantities related to motion, including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Students will learn about average speed, average velocity, acceleration due to gravity, and how to interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs.
• 3.2 Force and Its Effects: This section introduces Newton's laws of motion and the concept of momentum.
• 3.3 Friction: This section explores the nature and uses of friction, including static friction, limiting friction, and dynamic friction. Students will learn about the factors affecting friction.
• 3.4 Resultant of Forces: This section covers how to determine the resultant of two collinear forces and two parallel forces.
• 3.5 Turning Effect of a Force: This section introduces the concept of moment of force and moment of a couple.
• 3.6 Equilibrium of Forces: This section explores the conditions for equilibrium under two and three forces.
• 3.7 Pressure and Its Effects: This section covers hydrostatic pressure, atmospheric pressure, sinking and floating, upthrust, Archimedes' principle, and pressure transmission.
• 3.8 Work, Energy, and Power: This section introduces the concepts of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential), and power.
• 3.9 Current Electricity: This section covers electric current, potential difference, resistance, Ohm's law, and simple circuits.

4. Earth and Space

• 4.1 Environmental Equilibrium: This section explores the organizational levels of the biosphere (individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere), population growth curves, and factors affecting human population growth.
• 4.2 Energy and Nutrient Flow: This section covers energy flow in ecosystems, cycling of matter, biogeochemical cycles (nitrogen cycle), and factors affecting ecological balance.
• 4.3 Pollution: This section explores various types of pollution (soil, water, and air) and their adverse effects. Topics include factors affecting pollution, pollutants from different sources, and the impact of pollution on the environment and human health.
• 4.4 Changing Life Style: This section examines the effects of changing lifestyles on the environment and human health, including urbanization, industrialization, commercialized agriculture, and the increased use of materials and energy.
• 4.5 Environmental Management and Sustainable Development: This section explores ways to contribute to sustainable development, including poly-culture, biological control of pests, organic fertilizers, reforestation, reducing footprints (carbon footprint, food miles), and waste management.