Timor-Leste's education system has undergone significant changes since its independence in 2002. A nine-year basic education system is the government's goal. The National Education Strategic Plan (2011-2030) highlights the challenges of transitioning from the Indonesian curriculum. A curriculum reform, initiated in 2013, aimed to improve the quality of education in the first six years of schooling.

A new national curriculum for preschool and the first six years of primary school has been implemented gradually by the Ministry of Education. Tetum is the first language of instruction, with Portuguese gradually incorporated throughout primary school. The Education System Framework Law (No. 14/2008) emphasizes the importance of a common basic instruction for all Timorese, guaranteeing the discovery and development of their interests and aptitudes.

Moral and religious education is acknowledged as part of the curriculum. A 2016 report highlighted the importance of teachers cultivating moral values and patriotism in students. While specific details about the Primary 4 Moral and Religious Education curriculum remain elusive, the available information suggests a focus on character building, patriotism, and incorporating local values within the broader educational framework. The importance of religious diversity is also noted.