Tunisian Secondary Education - Civics (2nd Form)

I. The Modern Democratic State

• Governance and Power: This topic explores the evolution of political regimes, from early forms to the modern democratic state. Students examine concepts such as absolute power, the relationship between political power and religious institutions, political regimes in medieval Islamic societies, the Enlightenment, the Renaissance, and totalitarian regimes. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of democratic regimes and the sacrifices made by people in their struggle for democracy.
• The Rule of Law: This section focuses on the principles of a state governed by law, including the control of the legality of laws and administrative decisions, and the control of civil service. Students develop critical thinking skills and learn about the importance of law in guaranteeing individual rights and liberties, as stated in universal declarations and national legislation. The curriculum also emphasizes the protection of the constitution.

II. Civil Society

• Definition and Role: This topic introduces the concept of civil society, its means and fields of operation, and the relationship between the state and civil society. Students learn about the importance of civil society in a democratic state and its role in modernizing the work of the state. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of regularity and continuity in participating in voluntary work and debates.
• Civic Participation: This section focuses on the role of citizens in civil society. Students explore various forms of civic engagement, including participation in associations, advocacy, and peaceful protest. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of active citizenship and the role of civil society in promoting social change.

III. Human Rights and Citizenship

• Fundamental Rights: This topic covers the concept of human rights, how to protect them, and the principles of universality and specificity. Students examine the relationship between human rights, citizenship, and development. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of defending human rights as safeguards of human dignity and sustainable development.
• Challenges to Human Rights: This section explores current international challenges facing citizens, such as poverty, inequality, conflicts, and environmental degradation, and the threats they pose to human rights. Students learn about the importance of solidarity and voluntary work in addressing these challenges. The curriculum emphasizes peaceful means of defending democracy.