Turkey Ortaokul 7th & 8th Grade Curriculum - Mathematics

This outlines the learning areas, objectives, and outcomes for the 7th and 8th grade mathematics curriculum in Turkey, based on the 2018 curriculum document published by the Ministry of National Education (MEB):

7th Grade Mathematics

• Numbers and Operations: This learning area focuses on expanding students' understanding of number systems and operations. Students work with integers, performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They are introduced to rational numbers, learning to compare, order, and perform operations with them. The concept of ratio and proportion is explored, including direct and inverse proportions, and solving related problems. Students also work with percentages, solving problems involving percentage increase and decrease.
• Algebra: 7th grade introduces algebraic concepts, starting with algebraic expressions. Students learn to perform addition and subtraction with algebraic expressions. They also explore the concept of equality and learn to solve first-degree equations with one unknown, including applying these skills to real-world problems.
• Geometry and Measurement: This area builds upon prior geometric knowledge. Students deepen their understanding of angles, including angle bisectors, corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles, and vertical angles. They explore polygons, focusing on regular polygons and calculating the sum of interior and exterior angles. They also learn about quadrilaterals, including rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and rhombuses, and calculate their areas. The concept of a circle is introduced, including calculating circumference and area. Students also practice drawing two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional shapes from different perspectives.
• Data Processing: Students learn to create and interpret line graphs and pie charts. They also learn about measures of central tendency, including mean, median, and mode, and how to calculate and interpret these values. They practice representing data using different types of graphs and converting between these representations.

8th Grade Mathematics

• Numbers and Operations: Students explore factors and multiples, including calculating the greatest common divisor (GCD) and least common multiple (LCM). They work with exponential expressions, including understanding the rules of exponents and performing operations with them. Scientific notation is introduced for representing very large and very small numbers. Students also learn about square roots, performing operations with square root expressions, and are introduced to the concept of real numbers, including rational and irrational numbers.
• Algebra: 8th grade expands on algebraic concepts, including algebraic expressions and identities. Students learn to factor algebraic expressions, including common factor, difference of squares, and perfect square trinomials. They also explore linear equations with two variables, graphing linear equations, and understanding the concept of slope. Finally, they are introduced to inequalities, learning to solve and represent first-degree inequalities with one unknown on a number line.
• Geometry and Measurement: Triangles are studied in depth, including medians, angle bisectors, altitudes, and the triangle inequality theorem. Students learn the Pythagorean theorem and apply it to solve problems. Transformational geometry is introduced, including translations and reflections. Students also explore congruence and similarity in polygons. Three-dimensional shapes, including prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones, are introduced, and students learn to identify their properties, construct them, and draw their nets. They also calculate surface area and volume for prisms and cylinders.
• Data Processing: Students interpret line and bar graphs with up to three data sets. They practice representing data using different graph types (bar, pie, and line) and converting between these representations.
• Probability: This new learning area introduces the concept of probability. Students learn to identify possible outcomes of an event, differentiate between events with different probabilities (more likely, equally likely, less likely), and calculate the probability of simple events.