History of Revolution and Kemalism

I. Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923) The Turkish War of Independence was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movement following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I. The war, fought between May 19, 1919, and July 24, 1923, resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

II. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey. He led the Turkish National Movement during the War of Independence and served as the first president of Turkey from 1923 until his death in 1938.

III. Six Arrows of Kemalism The Six Arrows (Altı Ok) represent the core principles of Kemalism, the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey. These principles, adopted by the Republican People's Party (CHP), are: 1. Republicanism (Cumhuriyetçilik): Advocating for a republican form of government. 2. Nationalism (Milliyetçilik): Promoting Turkish national identity and unity. 3. Populism (Halkçılık): Emphasizing the importance of the people's will and sovereignty. 4. Statism (Devletçilik): Supporting state intervention in the economy for national development. 5. Secularism (Laiklik): Separating religious affairs from state matters. 6. Reformism (İnkılapçılık): Embracing progressive change and modernization.