Turkmenistan Upper Secondary School Curriculum (History)

While detailed information about the current 11th-grade history curriculum in Turkmenistan is unavailable, the following information has been gathered from various sources:

• General Secondary Education: Turkmenistan has a 12-year system of formal secondary education.
• Curriculum Expansion: In 2013, the curriculum at all levels of elementary and secondary education was expanded to include more science, mathematics, history, and other subjects.
• Humanities Curriculum (9th and 10th grades): Older sources indicate that the humanities curriculum for the 9th and 10th grades emphasized native language and literature, history, physics, and other subjects.
• Ruhnama: Saparmurat Niyazov's book, the Ruhnama, was once a required text in secondary schools.
• Textbook Scarcity: There have been reports of textbook scarcity in Turkmenistan's schools.
• Ministry of Education: The Ministry of Education of Turkmenistan oversees the education system. The Innovation Information Center ( is a resource for information about education in Turkmenistan.