Tuvalu Form 5 Geography

Introduction to Tuvalu

Tuvalu is an island nation located in the west-central Pacific Ocean. It consists of nine small coral islands, forming a chain stretching northwest to southeast over approximately 676 km (420 miles). The de facto capital is Vaiaku village, the location of most government offices. Tuvalu is situated roughly midway between Hawaii and Australia.

Physical Geography

Islands and Atolls: Tuvalu is comprised of three reef islands and six atolls. These islands are spread between 5° and 10° south latitude and 176° and 180° east longitude. Five of the island groups are atolls, which are ring-shaped coral reefs encircling a lagoon. Four are reef islands, which are compact islands with a fringing reef.

Landforms and Terrain: The terrain of Tuvalu is very low-lying and narrow, consisting primarily of coral atolls and reefs. The land is formed by narrow strips of coral rock and sand, with varying degrees of vegetation. The total land area is approximately 26 sq km.

Climate: Tuvalu has a tropical climate, moderated by easterly trade winds from March to November. The wet season occurs from November to April, characterized by westerly gales and heavy rainfall. Despite distinct wet and dry seasons, Funafuti experiences over 200 mm of rainfall monthly, while Nanumea receives over 160 mm.

Human Geography

Population: Tuvalu has a small population, making it one of the least populated sovereign states globally. Traditionally, communities on the atolls have resided in single villages rather than dispersed settlements.

Economy: Tuvalu has limited natural resources and few exports. It is designated as a Least Developed Country by the United Nations. No known mineral resources exist.