World History Curriculum - 8th Grade

This curriculum outlines the topics covered in 8th-grade World History in Ukraine, based on the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine guidelines.

Introduction

• Repetition: The Middle Ages in the history of Europe and Ukraine.
• Introduction of the Modern Period concept and periodization.
• Early Modern Period: Beginning of cultural and political superiority of the Christian West.
• Features of the Early Modern Period in the history of Ukraine.

Section 1: The Age of Discovery and Formation of Capitalist Relations

• Causes and prerequisites of the Age of Discovery (15th-16th centuries).
• Travels of Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan.
• Pre-Columbian civilizations.
• Spanish colonization of the Americas.
• Creation of colonial empires.
• Changing worldviews.
• Trading capital.
• Manufacturing and wage labor.
• Formation of capitalist relations.
• Everyday life of the population of Western Europe.

Section 2: High Renaissance. Reformation in Western Europe

• Humanism as an intellectual movement of the Renaissance.
• High Renaissance.
• Catholic Church before the Reformation.
• Martin Luther and the birth of Protestantism.
• Spread of the Reformation. John Calvin.
• Counter-Reformation in Europe. Ignatius von Loyola. The Jesuits. Council of Trent.
• Religious wars in Germany and France. Peace of Augsburg (1555).
• Baroque culture. Birth of a new European science.

Section 3: States of Western Europe in the 16th-17th Centuries

• Establishment of Absolute Monarchy in France. Cardinal Richelieu.
• Absolutism during the reign of Louis XIV. Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
• Habsburg possessions. Charles V.
• Dutch Revolt. Union of Utrecht. William the Silent.
• English Reformation. Elizabeth I. Bloody Code.
• English Revolution. Oliver Cromwell. Establishment of Parliamentarism. Bill of Rights.
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Szlachta democracy.
• Thirty Years' War. Westphalian sovereignty.

Section 4: The Ottoman Empire. States of Eastern Europe in the 17th-18th Centuries

• Expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Suleiman the Magnificent.
• Peoples of South-Eastern Europe under Ottoman rule.
• Crimean Khanate: Domestic and foreign policy.
• The Tsardom of Russia. Ivan IV the Terrible. Time of Troubles.
• Reign of the Romanov dynasty. Internal and foreign policy of Peter I.
• Economic decline and political crisis in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (second half of the 17th-18th centuries).

Section 5: The Age of Enlightenment

• Beginning of the Industrial Revolution and its impact.
• Enlightenment. Encyclopedistes. Freemasonry. Classicism.
• Enlightened absolutism. Possessions of the Austrian Habsburgs. Maria Theresa. Joseph II.
• The Kingdom of Prussia. Frederick II.
• The Russian Empire. Elizabeth I. Catherine II.
• International relations: War of the Spanish Succession, War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War.
• Divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• Beginning of the War of the Ottoman Empire Succession.
• British colonies in North America. United States Declaration of Independence.
• American Revolutionary War. Creation of the USA. Constitution of the United States.

Section 6: Eastern World in the 16th-18th Centuries (Review)

• India: The Mughal Empire. Babur, Akbar.
• The Persian Empire of the Safavid dynasty. Abbas I.
• Culture of India and Persia.
• China: Manchu invasion. Qing dynasty. Culture of China.
• Japan: Tokugawa shogunate. Isolationist foreign policy. Culture of Japan.

History of Ukraine Curriculum - 8th Grade

This curriculum outlines the topics covered in 8th-grade History of Ukraine, based on the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine guidelines.

Section 1: Ukrainian Lands as Part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (16th - first half of the 17th centuries)

• Status of Ukrainian lands within the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Holy Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Grand Principality of Moscow in the first half of the 16th century.
• Union of Lublin (1569) and its impact.
• Social structure of society: magnates, szlachta, clergy, burghers, and peasants. The Statutes of Lithuania.
• Economic life: Folwarks, workshops, trade. Rural and urban self-government.
• Crisis of the Orthodox Church. Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
• Peresopnytsia Gospels. Typography. Polemical literature. Orthodox Brotherhoods. Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski.
• Union of Brest (1596). Schism of the Orthodox Church. Formation of the Union (Greek Catholic) Church.
• Struggle for restoration of the Orthodox hierarchy. Reforms of Metropolitan Petro Mohyla.
• Cultural and educational life: Jesuit Colleges, Ostroh Academy, fraternal schools, Kyiv (Kyiv-Mohyla) collegium.
• Urban planning, architecture, and fine arts.

Section 2: Emergence of the Cossacks (16th - first half of the 17th centuries)

• Origin of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Cossack farmsteads and settlements. The first Sichs. Dmytro Vyshnevetsky.
• Zaporozhian Sich as the Cossack Republic. Registered Cossacks. Formation of the Cossack class.
• Cossack uprisings of the late 16th century. Cossack Campaigns of the first quarter of the 17th century. Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny.
• Zaporizhian Host and the Battle of Khotyn. Cossack and peasant uprisings of the 1620s-1630s. Ordinance of the Zaporizhian Host.

Section 3: National Liberation War of the Ukrainian People (mid-17th century)

• Prerequisites for the National Liberation War. Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Union between Cossacks and Crimea.
• Events of 1648-1649. Treaty of Zboriv. Events of 1650-1651. Battle of Berestechko and Treaty of Bila Tserkva. Ivan Bohun. Battle of Batoh. Moldavian Campaign. Siege of Zhvanets.
• Ukrainian Cossack state – the Zaporizhian Host: Administrative and territorial structure. Social and economic reforms. Foreign policy and search for allies.
• Treaty between Ukraine and Moscow (1654) - Treaty of Pereiaslav or the March Articles. Military and political events of 1654-1655. Treaty of Vilna. Ukrainian-Swedish-Transylvanian Union.

Section 4: Cossack Ukraine (late 1650s - early 18th centuries)

• Ivan Vyhovsky. Treaty of Hadiach. Muscovite-Ukrainian War. Battle of Konotop. Beginning of the Ruin. Yurii Khmelnytsky. Split of the Cossack Hetmanate. Pavlo Teteria and Ivan Briukhovetsky. Truce of Andrusovo.
• Attempts to unite the Left-bank and Right-bank Hetmanates. Demian Mnohohrishny. Ivan Samoylovych. Chyhyryn Campaigns. Treaty of Bakhchisarai. Treaty of Perpetual Peace.
• Right-bank Cossacks in the last quarter of the 17th century. Settlement and development of Sloboda Ukraine. Sloboda Cossack regiments. Zaporozhian Cossacks. Ivan Sirko.
• Hetmanate in the times of Ivan Mazepa. Pylyp Orlyk and his Constitution. Liquidation of the Cossacks in Right-bank Ukraine. Church, education, architecture, and fine arts.

Section 5: Ukrainian Lands (1720s-1790s)

• Imperial attack on the autonomy of the Hetmanate. Pavlo Polubotok. Danylo Apostol. New Sich. Kirill Razumovski. Liquidation of the Hetmanate and the Cossack system. Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire.
• Colonization of Southern Ukraine. Right-bank Ukraine. Haidamakas. Koliivshchyna rebellion. Bukovina, Eastern Galicia, and Transcarpathia. Opryshky movement.
• Divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and changes in the situation of Right-bank and Western Ukraine.
• Education and science. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Hryhoriy Skovoroda. Architecture, fine arts, and music.