Venezuela 5to Año de Bachillerato: Geografía, Historia y Ciudadanía

This compilation of course entries offers a comprehensive overview of the Venezuelan 5to Año de Bachillerato curriculum for Geography, History, and Civics. It covers key topics including the country's geographical characteristics, economic sectors, historical events, indigenous populations, and social issues.

I. Geography and Economy of Venezuela

• Geographical Space and Natural Resources: Venezuela is divided into four main natural regions: the Caribbean Region, the Andean Region, the Llanos Region, and the Amazon Region. The Guayana region, located south and east of the Orinoco River, occupies almost half of the Venezuelan continental territory and is rich in natural resources.
• Economic Sectors and Administrative Regionalization: The Venezuelan economy is primarily driven by the exploitation and refining of oil for export, managed by the state-owned company Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). Other sectors of production include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The country is officially organized into nine geographical regions.

II. History and Culture of Venezuela

• Capitalism, Dependency, and Rentier Culture: The development of capitalism in Venezuela began subtly at the end of the 19th century and increased in the early 20th century with the exploitation of natural resources, particularly oil. This led to a rentier economy, characterized by dependence on oil revenues.
• Independence of Venezuela and Simón Bolívar: Simón Bolívar, known as the "Liberator," played a crucial role in Venezuela's independence. The Battle of Carabobo on June 24, 1821, was decisive in securing independence from Spanish rule. Bolívar also contributed to the independence of other South American nations.
• Indigenous Peoples: While the 2011 census indicates that 2.8% of the Venezuelan population identifies as indigenous, indigenous culture continues to persist in the country.

III. Civics and Social Issues

• Social Problems and Human Rights: Social inequalities, including hunger, unemployment, and limited access to social assistance, are significant challenges in Venezuela. These issues are often linked to violations of human rights.

This structured overview provides a starting point for exploring the rich and complex tapestry of Venezuelan geography, history, and civics. Further research and exploration of the provided resources will enhance understanding of these interconnected themes.