Venezuela Primary School Curriculum (Matemática, Ciencias Naturales y Sociedad)

Fifth Grade

Lenguaje, Comunicación y Cultura

• Component: Communication and language as the central axis of development in society.
• Content:
• Recognition and appreciation of communication processes: virtual, synchronous, and asynchronous communication; non-verbal communication; oral communication techniques (debate, discussion, presentation).
• Use of the dictionary.
• Application of various writing techniques and spontaneous text production. Paragraphs, main and secondary ideas.
• Summarizing, anticipating, and inferring.
• Use of school and public libraries. Construction of a vertical file.
• Research processes. Information gathering techniques: index cards.
• Preparation of reports, projects, monographs, bibliographies, and biographies.
• Formal aspects of written language: use of capital letters, punctuation marks, and spelling rules.
• Use and creation of different text types: journalistic, expository, descriptive, instructional.
• Analysis of sentence structure: articles, nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, and personal pronouns.
• Basic essay and report writing techniques.
• Writing newspaper articles.
• Creating a school newspaper (print and mural).
• Reading and writing skills: interpretative reading and reading comprehension strategies.
• Interpreting readings from Venezuelan, indigenous, and world literature: literary genres.
• Study and construction of narrative and interpretative expressions: stories, poems, novels, prose, verse, decima, copla, press, and magazines.
• Naming body parts and household items in an indigenous language.
• Writing and reading everyday words in English.
• Constructing short dialogues in English.
• Internet use in the classroom. Advantages and dangers of Internet use. Email, forums, and chat. Distribution lists. Computer-assisted activities. Internet search methods. Multimedia devices. Storage devices. Operating systems (Windows and Linux): utility and management. Difference between commercial and free software. Word processors (Windows and Linux). Support for research processes. Office tools for educational purposes. Internet applications: search, selection, and analysis of information. Web research skills.
• Constructing frequency graphs using a computer: bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts with everyday data.
• Component: The arts as a means of expression in artistic language for the development of the outside world.
• Content:
• Application and analysis of propaganda and advertising techniques.
• Development of performing arts: dramatization, theater, dance.
• Construction of expressions through graphic design.
• Study of pre-Columbian indigenous art.
• Study of Venezuelan indigenous art in the 20th and 21st centuries.
• Expression of emotions through artistic creation.
• Relationship of light and shadow in an artistic composition.
• Use of lines in their different forms.
• Creation of paintings through tonal values, diverse colors, and textures.
• Interpretation of messages in different artistic manifestations of the locality.
• Research on the evolution of art worldwide.
• Study of works by different Venezuelan plastic artists.
• Creation of artistic manifestations based on indigenous and African art.
• Making objects from clay, mud, wood, fabric scraps, paper, and flexible dough.
• Use of lines, strokes, brushstrokes, and texture for creating drawings and artistic paintings.
• Study of different artistic forms through time.
• Classification of musical instruments according to their origin.
• Study of voice timbre in the formation of choirs.
• Differentiation of sounds. Noise pollution.
• Development of dance through regional rhythms.
• Playing musical instruments.
• Singing the National Anthem, regional anthem, school anthem, and other anthems alluding to different anniversaries.
• Construction of scripts for radio programs.
• Appropriate use of stage resources.
• Expressing opinions about theatrical and dramatic performances.
• Creative representation of a melody.
• Development of dance in free and organized form to the rhythm of local, regional, national, and world cultures.
• Collective and individual creation of various melodies and songs.
• Expressing opinions about musical diversity.

Matemática, Ciencias Naturales y Sociedad

• Component: Interpretation, application, and assessment of numbers, measurements, space, and statistical processes.
• Content:
• Number sense: sequencing natural numbers from one million; binary numbers.
• Number system: ordinal numbers beyond one million; successions with natural numbers greater than one million using a criterion; prime and composite numbers; rounding numbers.
• Numerical order: comparing and ordering quantities; successions up to one hundred million; negative numbers on the number line.
• Reading and writing numbers: whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and binary numbers.
• Roman numerals: exercises and problem-solving.
• Relationships: comparing and ordering mixed fractions.
• Place value: representing decimals (thousandths, ten-thousandths, hundred-thousandths, and millionths); comparing and ordering decimals; rounding decimals to the nearest tenth, hundredth, and whole number; estimations using decimals.
• Fractions: estimations using fractions with different denominators; multiplication and division of fractions.
• Geometry and measurement: plane and segment; point as position; line as direction (parallel and perpendicular lines); notation; calculating and estimating angle measurements, congruent angles; constructing and classifying triangles, estimating interior measurements; using a geoboard and graph paper to construct and draw figures; operations with length measurements expressed in different units, calculating and estimating perimeters; problem-solving based on the study of circumference (L=2πr), circle, circular sector, chord, radius, diameter; strategies for calculating and estimating metric units of volume and height; relationships between units of mass (kilogram, gram, and ton), conversions; problem-solving involving time; school calendar and time distribution; problem-solving involving time references (day and hour); estimations of expenses using currency.
• Notion of statistics: interpreting and representing statistical data in various types of graphs; predictable and random phenomena; predicting states of matter based on temperature variations (prediction and verification); data analysis (mode and average); solving everyday problems using statistics.
• Component: Identification, formulation, algorithmization, estimation, proposal, and resolution of problems and activities through mathematical operations and inquiry, elaboration, assessment, and application of scientific concepts from natural sciences.
• Content:
• Numbers and operations: addition with numbers greater than one million and with decimals; subtraction with numbers greater than seven digits and with decimals; multiplication of natural numbers with more than two digits, distributive property, rule of signs, parentheses in mathematical language, order of operations; multiplication problems with two natural numbers greater than three digits, multiplication of a seven-digit natural number by a number up to three digits, multiplication of a two-digit natural number by powers of ten up to 100,000, multiplication with decimals; proportions, concept of proportion, symbol of proportion; concept of square root, calculating powers of 10, calculating square roots of numbers less than 100; division problems, division of quantities by two- or three-digit numbers, prime divisors, division of decimals by whole numbers and decimals.
• Notion of environment: biosphere degradation and consequences; relationship between matter cycles and the ecosystem (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus); layers of the Earth; cell structure models; plant reproduction (sexual and asexual) and its application in agriculture; water reserves; ozone layer degradation; environmental pollution tragedies; sanitary prevention measures for animal and plant care.
• Human body: relationship between the functioning of the sense organs and locomotion with the central nervous system.
• Health and hygiene: relationship between food chains and ecological imbalances; importance of proper food preparation; circulatory system, function of circulation, distribution of nutrients and excretion of harmful substances; drug-related illnesses, critical judgment on the effects of drug and toxic substance use; statistical study of the most frequent diseases nationally and globally.
• Experimentation: patterns to interpret matter; molecular phenomena (adhesion, cohesion, osmosis); physical and chemical changes in the environment; causes of seismic movements; use of ancestral and modern technologies.

Ciencias Sociales, Ciudadanía e Identidad

• Component: Understanding social reality through time and space.
• Content:
• Characteristics of Venezuela's hydrographic sources.
• Venezuelan jungles: characteristics, importance as part of the world's environmental reserve (Amazon).
• Venezuelan plains and savannas: importance within national biodiversity; poles of endogenous development.
• Social production units: Zamorano estates, conuco, hacienda, farms.
• Strategic importance of the oil industry during the 20th and 21st centuries, commercialization.
• Political, economic, social, and cultural processes in Venezuela between 1830 and 1936.
• Caudillismo and latifundio. Sociopolitical imbalances.
• Federal War: Ezequiel Zamora's leadership and proclamations; Treaty of Coche (1863).
• Pre- and post-Guzmancista period.
• Blockade of Venezuelan coasts in 1902.
• Land tenure and its relationship with the emergence of oil.
• Juan Vicente Gómez dictatorship. Exploitation of the first oil well in the country.
• Relations with Africa and Asian countries throughout time.
• Latin American integration.
• Cooperation agreements with Latin American countries: ALBA and MERCOSUR.
• Component: Venezuelan identity and life in society.
• Content:
• Application of behavioral norms acquired from family to society.
• Analysis of situations of coexistence in the community.
• Importance and appreciation of national symbols.
• Political and social organizations of the country.
• Functions and importance of state and national public powers.
• People's Power in Venezuela.
• Venezuelan norms and customs.
• Evolution of Venezuela's road system: local, regional, and national means of transport; importance for the country's economic and social development.
• Prominent women in the 20th and 21st centuries in community and national spaces.
• Organic Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents (LOPNA).
• Road safety education: traffic accidents, causes, consequences, and prevention.
• Analysis of the Constitution: political and economic rights.
• Analysis of relations with Africa and Asian countries.
• Concept of sovereignty.
• Cooperation agreements with Latin American countries.
• Study of relations with European countries.

Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación

• Component: Physical education, sports, and recreation as means for perceptual, physical, and socio-motor development.
• Content:
• Stretching exercises for body segments.
• Stretching activities with increasing difficulty.
• Alternating jogging and walking - continuous jogging. Interval running.
• Muscle mobility and elongation.
• Development of physical qualities.
• Participation in motor skill activities.
• Sports skills exercises.
• Strengthening sports skills: mini-volleyball, mini-basketball, mini-soccer, gymnastics.
• Strengthening physical fitness: aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, flexibility.
• Joint mobility and muscle elongation activities.
• Levels of complexity in cognitive, traditional, and pre-sport games in different spaces and environments.
• Pre-sport activities to incorporate other sports.
• Practice of sports: volleyball, basketball, baseball.
• Development of school-community integration sports activities.
• Component: Physical education, sports, and recreation as means for enjoyment and personality development.
• Content:
• Daily nutritional sessions.
• Eating and hygiene habits for proper development of physical activities and health.
• Body expression in various situations.
• Accident and socio-natural disaster prevention activities.
• Cultural manifestations of the school and community environment through physical activity and recreation.
• Activities to raise awareness about the value of play.
• Application of chess strategies, notions of defense and attack.
• Awareness activities on self-protection and natural phenomena that cause disasters.
• Planning, execution, and evaluation of drills for monitoring, control, and evaluation of training, mitigation, and attention to adverse events.
• Environmental conservation activities in school and community spaces.
• Planning and execution of visits to neighboring communities.
• Venezuelan folklore as a bodily manifestation of national identity.
• School-community integration activities.
• Sign language activities. Importance of learning body expression as a language and means of effective communication.