Zambia Integrated Science Syllabus (Generalized Outline for Grade 11 based on Grades 8-9)

This outline is a generalized representation of the Zambia Grade 11 Integrated Science syllabus, based on the available Grades 8-9 syllabus. The actual Grade 11 syllabus may contain different topics or explore these topics in greater depth. It is recommended to consult the official Grade 11 syllabus from the Zambian Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

I. The Human Body

• Reproductive System and Puberty: Structure and function of the reproductive system, changes during puberty, personal hygiene.
• Fertilization and Embryo Development: Fertilization process, embryo development, gestation, birth.
• Circulatory System: Components and functions of blood, structure and function of the heart, blood circulation, pulse rate measurement.
• Respiratory System: Organs and functions of the respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, gaseous exchange, effects of smoking.

II. Health

• Nutrition: Types of food nutrients, dietary needs, nutritional deficiency diseases, importance of children's clinics.
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Common STIs, transmission, prevention, impact of HIV/AIDS.

III. The Environment

• Water, Air, and Land Pollution: Definition, types, causes, effects, and prevention of pollution.
• Cycles in the Biosphere: Oxygen and carbon cycles, nitrogen cycle, balance of gases in the atmosphere.
• Water Management: Importance, effective systems.

IV. Plants and Animals

• Plant Cells: Structure and function of plant cells, using a microscope.
• Plant Growth and Nutrients: Regions of growth, responses to stimuli, plant nutrients, fertilizers.
• Animal Cells: Structure and function of animal cells, comparison with plant cells.
• Photosynthesis: Conditions, products, process, relationship to respiration.
• Transpiration: Process, factors affecting transpiration, importance.
• Conservation of Animals and Plants: Importance of domestication, improving breeds, endangered species, methods of protection.

V. Materials and Energy

• Composition of Matter: Atoms, molecules, elements.
• Physical Change of State: Arrangement of atoms in different states, temperatures of change.
• Mixtures: Definition, types, separation methods, industrial applications.
• Mass and Weight: Definitions, measurement, relationship, differences.
• Density: Definition, determination, sinking and floating.
• Heat Transfer: Types, movement of heat, applications (e.g., vacuum flask).
• Heat and Expansion of Substances: Expansion of different materials, applications, effects of expansion and contraction.
• Reflection and Refraction of Light: Reflection, refraction, real and apparent depth, applications.
• Composition of Air: Components, proportions, properties, uses.
• Chemical Reactions: Definition, nature, types, synthesis, electrolysis, law of conservation of matter.
• Light and its Nature: Types of lenses, focal point, focal length, image formation, spectrum, rainbow, color filters.
• Electric Current and Voltage in Circuits: Current, voltage, measurement, relationship, uses.
• Pressure: Definition, factors affecting pressure in gases.
• Energy and its Conservation: Definition, forms, conversion, law of conservation, effects of energy production, conservation methods.
• Communication: Methods of sending and receiving information, advantages and disadvantages.
• Digital and Analogue Transmission: Radio and television signals, amplification, differences between digital and analogue.
• Satellite Communication: Uses, transmission of live broadcasts.