Zambia Grade 12 School Syllabus - Agricultural Science

Agricultural Science

This course covers a range of topics within the agricultural sciences, focusing on practical application and problem-solving. It aims to equip learners with the knowledge and skills needed for a variety of agricultural pursuits. The curriculum emphasizes hands-on learning through experiments, field work, and projects. Mathematical skills, including basic arithmetic, measurement, and data interpretation, are also incorporated.

Units Covered:

• Agriculture in Zambia: This unit explores the importance of agriculture to the nation's food security and economic development. It also examines the role of farmers and the influence of Zambia's diverse agro-ecological zones on agricultural practices. Learners will classify crops based on day length and analyze the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop growth.
• Soil Science: This unit covers the formation and composition of soil, including the different types of rocks and minerals. Learners will investigate the effects of weathering, analyze soil profiles, and determine the physical and chemical characteristics of various soil types. The importance of soil constituents for plant growth is also emphasized.
• Crop Production: This unit provides a comprehensive overview of crop production, from site selection and seedbed preparation to harvesting and storage. Learners will study specific crops (selected from different groups each year), exploring their morphology, growth requirements, and propagation methods. The unit also covers fertilizer application, weed control, and pest and disease management. Practical experience in growing crops is a key component.
• Forestry: This unit focuses on the role of trees in the environment and the various uses of wood. Learners will explore agroforestry practices, including the selection and planting of trees to improve soil fertility and reduce erosion. The causes and effects of deforestation, as well as measures to control it, are also addressed.
• Conservation Agriculture: This unit promotes sustainable agricultural practices that conserve soil and water resources. Learners will investigate organic farming methods, including the use of compost and animal manure. The importance of crop rotation, intercropping, and maintaining soil cover is emphasized. The unit also explores the use of natural pesticides and other techniques for pest and disease control.
• Livestock Production: This unit covers the economic importance of livestock and the principles of animal husbandry. Learners will study specific livestock types (selected from different groups each year), focusing on their anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and health. The unit also addresses breeding, housing, marketing, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Beekeeping and fish farming are also introduced.
• Farm Structures: This unit deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of farm buildings and other structures, including fences, hedges, and greenhouses. Learners will select sites, prepare plans, and use local materials to construct an improved farm structure.
• Farm Machinery: This unit explores the principles of work and power, focusing on the use and maintenance of farm machinery. Learners will study levers, pulleys, screws, and the hydraulic jack. The unit also covers the operation and maintenance of engines, including the differences between petrol and diesel engines. The advantages and disadvantages of farm mechanization are also discussed.
• Farm Management: This unit introduces the principles of farm management, including budgeting, costing, and marketing. Learners will prepare budgets and cash flow statements, calculate gross margins and profits, and explore factors that determine the prices of agricultural commodities. The unit also covers insurance, cooperatives, and entrepreneurship in agriculture.