Zambia Business Studies Curriculum (Secondary)
This outlines the Business Studies curriculum for Grades 8-9 (Junior Secondary) in Zambia, based on the 2013 syllabus.
Grade 8
- General Outcomes:
- Acquire basic knowledge, skills, and values of an office.
- Acquire knowledge, skills, and values of entrepreneurship.
- Develop an understanding of different types of office stationery, equipment, and their uses.
- Acquire knowledge, skills, and values on recording business transactions from business documents into books of accounts.
- Key Competences:
- Demonstrate acceptable office etiquette.
- Demonstrate qualities of a good entrepreneur.
- Ability to record business transactions in the books of accounts.
- Topics:
- Types of offices (Open, Closed, Virtual)
- Organizational Chart and departmental functions (Administration, Accounts/Finance, Human Resource, Marketing/Advertising/Sales, Procurement/Purchasing, Planning, Maintenance/Engineering, Transport and Logistics, Legal)
- Job opportunities within an office (Managing Director, General Manager, Financial Manager, Accounts clerks, Registry clerks)
- Office Etiquette (Appearance, Reliability, Punctuality, Loyalty, Courtesy, Responsibility)
- Definition of entrepreneurship and qualities of a good entrepreneur (Open to criticism, Hardworking, Independent, Organized, Innovative, Responsive to feedback, Risk-taker)
- Ways of strengthening entrepreneurial abilities (Help from others, Observation of successful business people, Training, Communication, Reading, Community activities, Motivational talks)
- Entrepreneurial activities found in the community (Farming, Fishing, Poultry, Beekeeping, Dairy, Selling, Transport, Hair salon, etc.)
- Reasons for entrepreneurship (Innovation, Creativity, Grassroots development, Social progress, National development, Self-reliance, Flexibility, Job creation, Maintaining free enterprise, Promoting healthy competition, Generating wealth/profit, Spreading prosperity, Enhancing wealth stability)
- Types of businesses (Sole Trader, Partnerships, Cooperatives)
- Generating business ideas (Self, friends, family, books, media, existing businesses)
- SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
- Company formation (Factors to consider: Locality, Start-up capital, Trading hours, Source of raw materials, Competitors, Advertising, Banking; Documents needed: Partnership Deed, Articles of partnership, Articles of Association, Memorandum of Associations, Trading license, Business permits)
- Business Plan (Contents: Executive summary, Business idea, Marketing plan, Form of business, Staff, Legal responsibilities and Insurance, Costing items, Financial planning, Required start-up capital, Source of start-up capital; Functions: Provides clearer and organized business ideas, Leads to putting down of ideas into written documents, Acts as an operational plan, Used for sourcing loans, Helps determine business viability, Provides an answer to profitability)
- Financing businesses (Savings, Bank loans, Borrowing from friends or family, Leasing, Subletting)
- Desirable business ethics (Honesty, Integrity, Fairness, Loyalty, Dependability, Flexibility, Punctuality, Responsibility)
- Dealing with fraud (Fraudulent situations: Shopping, Internet, ATM, Borrowing from unreliable sources; Ways to stay protected: Checking change, Keeping personal details safe, Being aware of risks, Knowing rights, Reading terms and conditions; Effects of fraud on victims: Loss of money, Debt, Bankruptcy, Damaged relationships; Effects of fraud on fraudsters: Loss of trust, Blacklisting, Conviction, Bad reputation)
- 8.3 Office Stationery and Equipment:
- Types and uses of stationery (Paper, pens, rulers, envelopes, rubbers, stencils, ink/toner, carbon paper, correction fluid, filling clips, pins, etc.)
- Types and uses of office equipment (Typewriters, duplicators, filing cabinets, staplers, hole punchers, telephones, intercoms, desk calendars, date stamps, facsimile machines, stylus pens, calculating machines, photocopiers, printers, computers, shredders, scanners, guillotines, etc.)
- Storing office stationery and equipment safely and appropriately.
- 8.4 Business Transactions:
- Types of business transactions (Cash, Credit, Barter)
- Types of business documents (Enquiry, Order/Quotation, Catalogues, Estimates/Tender, Advice Note, Invoice, Receipts/Cash Sale, Petty Cash Voucher, Debit Note/Credit Note, Delivery/Consignment Notes, Goods Received Notes, Cheque, Cheque Counterfoil/Cheque Stabs)
- Drawing and filling in business documents correctly.
- Types of source documents (Invoice, Receipts, Cash Sale, Debit/Credit notes, Cheque, Cheque counterfoil/Stabs)
- 8.7 Books of Original Entry:
- Types of books (Purchases Day Book, Sales Day Book, Journal Proper/General Journal, Returns Inwards/Sales Returns, Returns Outwards/Purchases Returns, Cash Book (One, Two, and Three Column), Petty Cash Book (Imprest System))
- Recording business transactions from source documents into books of original entry.
- Types of accounts (Nominal/Fictitious Accounts, Real/Assets Accounts, Personal Accounts)
- Types of ledgers (General Ledger, Purchases Ledger, Sales Ledger)
- Posting transactions using the principle of double entry (debit the receiver and credit the giver).
- Preparing and balancing the Trial Balance.
- Using the Trial Balance to check for arithmetical errors and completion of double entry.
Grade 9 (Content will be added when available)
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