Integrated Science

This course integrates Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, emphasizing learner-centered approaches and practical application of scientific thinking. It also incorporates cross-cutting issues like environmental awareness, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, hygiene, nutrition, substance abuse, and water and sanitation.

Unit 1: The Human Body

• 1.1 Human Reproductive System and Puberty: This sub-unit covers the organs of the male and female reproductive systems, their functions, and the changes associated with puberty. It also emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene.
• 1.2 Fertilization and Embryo Development: This sub-unit describes the process of fertilization, the functions of the parts involved in embryo development (placenta, amnion, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, uterus, and cervix), gestation, and the stages of embryo development from zygote to baby.

Unit 2: Health

• 2.1 Nutrition: This sub-unit covers different types of food nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins), dietary needs for different individuals (babies, pregnant mothers, etc.), common nutritional deficiency diseases and their symptoms (kwashiorkor, marasmus, rickets, anemia, scurvy), and the importance of children's clinics for nutrition, growth monitoring, and immunization.

Unit 3: The Environment

• 3.1 Water, Air, and Land Pollution: This sub-unit defines pollution, identifies different types (water, air, and land), explores the causes and effects of each type, and discusses ways to prevent pollution, including the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

Unit 4: Plants and Animals

• 4.1 Plant Cells: This sub-unit introduces the parts of a microscope and their functions, guides students in examining plant cell structures (cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole) using a microscope, and describes the functions of each cell part.
• 4.2 Plant Growth and Nutrients: This sub-unit covers regions of plant growth, plant responses to stimuli (phototropism and geotropism), essential plant nutrients (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus), sources of plant nutrients (organic and inorganic fertilizers), the advantages and disadvantages of each type of fertilizer, and the effects of excessive fertilizer use.
• 4.3 Animal Cells: This sub-unit describes the basic structure of an animal cell (cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus), the functions of each part, and the differences between plant and animal cells.

Unit 5: Materials and Energy

• 5.1 Composition of Matter: This sub-unit introduces the concept of matter being composed of atoms, describes the basic structure of an atom, identifies common atoms using symbols, and demonstrates the formation of simple molecules using models.
• 5.2 Physical Change of State: This sub-unit defines physical change as a change from one state to another, describes the arrangement of atoms in the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), identifies the temperatures at which water changes state (melting and boiling points), and involves experiments and graph plotting.
• 5.3 Mixtures: This sub-unit explains what a mixture is, identifies different types, describes methods of separating mixtures (filtration, simple distillation, evaporation, magnetization), and explores industrial applications of separation techniques.
• 5.4 Mass and Weight: This sub-unit defines mass and weight, guides students in measuring both, distinguishes between the two concepts, and involves calculations.
• 5.5 Density: This sub-unit explains density, demonstrates how to determine it, explores the concept of sinking and floating based on density, explains how vessels float, and discusses the effects of overloading.
• 5.6 Heat Transfer: This sub-unit demonstrates types of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), investigates the movement of heat in matter, and describes how a vacuum flask works.
• 5.7 Heat and Expansion of Substances: This sub-unit demonstrates the expansion of substances, describes its uses in everyday life, and explains the effects of expansion and contraction.
• 5.8 Reflection and Refraction of Light: This sub-unit describes reflection and refraction, investigates their characteristics, explores real and apparent depth, and explains applications of these concepts.
• 5.9 Composition of Air: This sub-unit identifies the components of air (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor), investigates their proportions, describes their properties and uses.